Biochemistry

This course provides you with a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles of biochemistry. Concepts from the structure and function of biomolecules to the regulation of cellular metabolism are discussed.

What you’ll learn

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Biochemistry

$99

Plus membership

4 Credits

All courses include:

eTextbooks

2 to 3-day turnaround for grading

Multiple chances to improve your grade

On-demand tutoring & writing center

Student support 7 days a week

$99

Plus membership

4 Credits

All courses include:

eTextbooks

2 to 3-day turnaround for grading

Multiple chances to improve your grade

On-demand tutoring & writing center

Student support 7 days a week

Biochemistry

$99

Plus membership

4 Credits

About This Course

|
ACE Approved 2023

Our Biochemistry online course is designed to provide you with a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles of biochemistry.

What You'll Learn

Identify weak interactions in aqueous systems, ionizations of water, and buffers against pH changes in biological systems.

Contrast primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins and their effects on binding and interactions.

Sort monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates.

Understand nucleic acid structure and chemistry.

Contrast the functions and features of lipids when acting as signals, cofactors, and pigments.

Understand the relationship of membrane dynamics with their composition and architecture.

Explain how the G Protein, gated ion channels, regulation of transcription and cell cycle achieve biochemical signaling.

Identify the effects of bioenergetics and thermodynamics on metabolism.

Explain the role of glycogen and glycolysis in metabolic pathways.

Articulate the citric acid cycle.

Understand the digestion, mobilization, and transport of fats.

Articulate the role of ATP in oxidative phosphorylation.

Explain the biosynthesis of fatty acids, triacylglycerols and membrane phospholipids.

Understand the role of hormone regulation on metabolism.

Articulate how genes, chromosomes, DNA, RNA, and other proteins are used as information pathways.

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Course Details

CHEM450

|

Biochemistry

Concepts from the structure and function of biomolecules to the regulation of cellular metabolism are discussed during this online Biochemistry course for college credit.

Prerequisites

There are no prerequisites to take Biochemistry. Completion of Organic Chemistry I & II or their equivalent is strongly encouraged, though not required.

Topic Subtopics
The Foundations of Biochemistry
  • Cellular Foundations
  • Chemical Foundations
  • Physical Foundations
  • Genetic Foundations
  • Evolutionary Foundations
Water, the Solvent of Life
  • Weak Interactions in Aqueous Systems
  • Ionization of Water, Weak Acids, and Weak Bases
  • Buffering against pH Changes in Biological Systems
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
  • Amino Acids
  • Peptides and Proteins
  • Working with Proteins
  • The Structure of Proteins: Primary Structure
The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins
  • Overview of Protein Structure
  • Protein Secondary Structure
  • Protein Tertiary and Quaternary Structures
  • Protein Denaturation and Folding
  • Determination of Protein and Biomolecular Structures
Protein Function
  • Reversible Binding of a Protein to a Ligand: Oxygen-Binding Proteins
  • Complementary Interactions between Proteins and Ligands: The Immune System and Immunoglobulins
  • Protein Interactions Modulated by Chemical Energy: Actin, Myosin, and Molecular Motors
Enzymes
  • An Introduction to Enzymes
  • How Enzymes Work
  • Enzyme Kinetics as an Approach to Understanding Mechanism
  • Examples of Enzymatic Reactions
  • Regulatory Enzymes
Carbohydrates and Glycobiology
  • Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
  • Glycoconjugates: Proteoglycans, Glycoproteins, and Glycolipids
  • Carbohydrates as Informational Molecules: The Sugar Code
  • Working with Carbohydrates
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
  • Some Basic Definitions and Conventions
  • Nucleic Acid Structure
  • Nucleic Acid Chemistry
  • Other Functions of Nucleotides
Lipids
  • Storage Lipids
  • Structural Lipids in Membranes
  • Lipids as Signals, Cofactors, and Pigments
  • Working with Lipids
Biological Membranes and Transport
  • The Composition and Architecture of Membranes
  • Membrane Dynamics
  • Solute Transport across Membranes
Biochemical Signaling
  • General Features of Signal Transduction
  • G Protein–Coupled Receptors and Second Messengers
  • GPCRs in Vision, Olfaction, and Gustation
  • Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
  • Multivalent Adaptor Proteins and Membrane Rafts
  • Gated Ion Channels
  • Regulation of Transcription by Nuclear Hormone Receptors
  • Regulation of the Cell Cycle by Protein Kinases
  • Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressor Genes, and Programmed Cell Death
Introduction to Metabolism
  • Bioenergetics and Thermodynamics
  • Chemical Logic and Common Biochemical Reactions
  • Phosphoryl Group Transfers and ATP
  • Biological Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
  • Regulation of Metabolic Pathways
Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway
  • Glycolysis
  • Feeder Pathways for Glycolysis
  • Fates of Pyruvate
  • Gluconeogenesis
  • Coordinated Regulation of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
  • Pentose Phosphate Pathway of Glucose Oxidation
The Metabolism of Glycogen in Animals
  • The Structure and Function of Glycogen
  • Breakdown and Synthesis of Glycogen
  • Coordinated Regulation of Glycogen Breakdown and Synthesis
The Citric Acid Cycle
  • Production of Acetyl-CoA (Activated Acetate)
  • Reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle
  • The Hub of Intermediary Metabolism
  • Regulation of the Citric Acid Cycle
Fatty Acid Catabolism
  • Digestion, Mobilization, and Transport of Fats
  • Oxidation of Fatty Acids
  • Ketone Bodies
Oxidative Phosphorylation
  • The Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain
  • ATP Synthesis
  • Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation
Lipid Biosynthesis
  • Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids
  • Biosynthesis of Triacylglycerols
  • Biosynthesis of Membrane Phospholipids
  • Cholesterol, Steroids, and Isoprenoids: Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Transport
Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules
  • Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism
  • Biosynthesis of Amino Acids
  • Molecules Derived from Amino Acids
  • Biosynthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides
Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism
  • Hormone Structure and Action
  • Tissue-Specific Metabolism
  • Hormonal Regulation of Fuel Metabolism
  • Obesity and the Regulation of Body Mass
  • Diabetes Mellitus
Genes and Chromosomes
  • Chromosomal Elements
  • DNA Supercoiling
  • The Structure of Chromosomes
DNA Metabolism
  • DNA Replication
  • DNA Repair
  • DNA Recombination
RNA Metabolism
  • DNA-Dependent Synthesis of RNA
  • RNA Processing
  • RNA-Dependent Synthesis of RNA and DNA
  • Catalytic RNAs and the RNA World Hypothesis
The Metabolism of Glycogen in Animals
  • The Structure and Function of Glycogen
  • Breakdown and Synthesis of Glycogen
  • Coordinated Regulation of Glycogen Breakdown and Synthesis
Protein Metabolism
  • The Genetic Code
  • Protein Synthesis
  • Protein Targeting and Degradation
Regulation of Gene Expression
  • The Proteins and RNAs of Gene Regulation
  • Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria
  • Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Your score provides a percentage score and letter grade for each course. A passing percentage is 70% or higher.

Assignments for this course include:

  • 4 Graded Exams
  • 1 Graded Midterm
  • 1 Graded Final

The required eTextbook for this course is included with your course purchase at no additional cost.

Nelson, David L., et al. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. 8th ed., Macmillan Learning, 2021. ISBN: 9781319322342

The text is provided digitally as part of the course enrollment. Students may find used, new, or rental print copies by searching for the ISBN.

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